The historic scoria cone of the Jabal Qidr

Jabal Qidr is the youngest volcanic eruption within the largest intracontinental bimodal volcanic field in the Arabian Peninsula (Camp et al., 1991). It is a large volcanic cone with a relative elevation of about 400 meters. Its part of a roughly N-S trending fissure that emitted large volume of basaltic pahoehoe tube-fed lava flows that reached Bronze Age (~5000 years) occupation sites of the so called “desert kites” (Kempe and Al-Malabeh, 2013; Kennedy et al., 2021). The eruption is inferred to have reached sub-Plinian explosive intensity and produced thick ash plain through a violent Strombolian style eruption that reached at least 20 km from the central vent (Németh and Moufti, 2017). The crater of Jabal Qidr is a spectacular ~200-meter-deep and 300-meter-wide depression showing evidence of violent explosive processes and pit collapses due to lava flow drainage through the feeder fissure system. The lava flows have superb pahoehoe lava flow surface textures following early Holocene stream networks occupied by early human civilizations. Jabal Qidr erupted in volcanic field dominated by monogenetic rhyolite that generated tuff rings forming spectacular white lava domes and tuff rings such as Jebel Abyad and Jebel Bayda respectively (Moufti and Németh, 2014). This site demonstrates the volcanic geodiversity of mature, small-volume intracontinental volcanic field (Moufti and Németh, 2016; Németh and Moufti, 2017).